Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by sudden confusion, attention deficits, and cognitive disturbances. It commonly affects hospitalized older adults, post-surgical patients, and individuals with critical illnesses. Increasing awareness among healthcare providers and the integration of standardized screening protocols have contributed to earlier diagnosis and improved patient management.

Overview and Dynamics

The prevalence of delirium is rising due to aging populations, higher rates of comorbidities, and more frequent surgical interventions. Delirium often results from a combination of physiological stress, medication effects, infections, and metabolic imbalances. Hospitals are increasingly implementing multicomponent interventions, including environmental modifications, cognitive stimulation, and early mobilization, to prevent or manage episodes.

Pharmacologic strategies focus on antipsychotics and sedatives, administered under close supervision to control severe agitation or psychosis. Emerging digital tools and electronic health record-integrated screening systems allow continuous monitoring of at-risk patients. These technological advances improve care quality, reduce hospital stays, and lower healthcare costs…

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